Precision seed-dispensing system

ABSTRACT

A precision seed-dispensing system of the type applied on planters with a machine element that touches the soil and having a chassis that supports the seed meter. In accordance with the system disclosed herein, it may also have a damper system between the machine element that touches the soil and the seed meter, irrespective of the model or its shape.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a national phase entry under 35 U.S.C. § 371 ofInternational Patent Application PCT/BR2015/000057, filed Apr. 27, 2015,designating the United States of America and published as InternationalPatent Publication WO 2015/172213 A1 on Nov. 19, 2015, which claims thebenefit under Article 8 of the Patent Cooperation Treaty to BrazilianPatent Application Serial No. BR102014011794.6, filed May 16, 2014. Theentire disclosure of each of the foregoing documents is herebyincorporated herein by this reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The disclosure is related to a planting machine that has a plantingsystem that distributes seeds on the soil.

BACKGROUND

As is known by persons skilled in the art, the distribution of seedsinto furrows is extremely beneficial as there is a correlation betweenthe distribution of the seeds and the productivity of the crops that arenormally planted.

Various inventors and companies have been investing resources in asearch for innovative products and for a way that will provide betterdistribution of seeds in planting furrows.

Various types of seed meters are known in the art, including thehorizontal disc type, the pneumatic type and the finger seed meters,among others. The purpose of all of them is to distribute seeds atregular intervals so that they enter the planting furrows at apredetermined spacing so that crops can be grown in a regular way.

Normally, based on the known prior art, these seed meters are above thelevel of the soil and the seeds get to the soil by falling down due tothe force of gravity, through a conductor of the seed distributionmachines, which may be curved backward, permitting the seeds to fallinto the planting furrows. This system also avoids setbacks taking placein the longitudinal distribution into the planting furrows.

In recent times, JOHN DEERE® filed a patent application PI1000054-2 thatshows a distribution system of seeds that removes the seed from the seedmeter by taking a seed from the seed meter and moving it in a downwarddirection to a release point. The seed is dropped at a high speedbackward in a horizontal direction, which is approximately equal to thespeed and movement in a forward direction of a planting machine. This isdone in such a way that, when it is offloaded, it has a low or zerohorizontal speed relative to the soil. Rolling of the seed in the soilis reduced due to the horizontal speed being close to zero in relationto the soil. Therefore, the combination of the fall and the controlledoffloading at a horizontal speed that is substantially zero in relationto the soil, reduces the variability in the seed spaces.

In spite of the benefits and the use of the aforementioned patent beingdeemed as satisfactory, the results are not so satisfactory when theequipment is used in rugged micro reliefs. It is known that these microreliefs are detected by the planting machines that have to deal withthese oscillations, which are then passed to the seed meter, which, inturn, transfers the seeds. As a result, it loses, at least in part, theeffect that was desired by the above solution.

It is worth reiterating that the planting machines of the prior art havea depth-limiting wheel that is in contact with the soil. As its namesuggests, it limits the depth of the furrows with the disc cutters.These discs cut into the soil creating furrows for the seeds to beplaced in. It is known that the soil is irregular and uneven on itssurface and this was particularly noted in the planting systems known as“direct planting” or “direct planting in straw.” In these cultivationsystems, there is no soil plowing nor harrowing; it is simply plantedover the remains of previously planted plants. The irregularities in thesoil surface or irregularities of micro terrains are especially high inrelation to traditional planting systems that use the plough and theharrow to obtain uniformity of the soil. For direct planting, there is alot of evidence for the use of various machines, trackers, planters,harvesters, crop spraying machines, amongst others, which all end upmaking the land irregular.

BRIEF SUMMARY

Therefore, provided is an accurate seed distribution system that permitsthe better distribution of seeds on the soil, especially in irregularmicro reliefs and where the elements of the planting machine thattouches the soil has to cope with these irregularities and transmit themto the seed meter that, in turn, transfers the consequences on to theseeds.

Also provided is a precision seed distribution system that compensatesfor oscillations on micro reliefs and that does not cause delays oradvances in the distribution of the seeds onto the soil. The systemshould also eliminate undesirable irregularities in the distribution ofthe seeds on the soil.

It was discovered in the research conducted that these irregularities inthe micro reliefs, especially those that cause vertical jerks and bumpson the depth-limiting wheels, have a significant effect on the frequencyand quality of the deposition of the seeds in the soil. Any bumps orjerks or high vertical accelerations in a short space of time on thedepth-limiting wheels can also provoke the same effect on the seed meterand the seed conductor. This is because the connection between theseitems for the planting machine is direct, without any dampers, as in theprior art.

Any current or future planting machine will likely always need a machineelement for support that is close to the soil. This particular elementwill need to deal with the consequences of irregular soils and theseconsequences will be transmitted to the seed meter, irrespective of themodel that is used.

Provided is a precision seed distribution system comprising at least onedamper system amongst the machine elements that touch the soil and theseed meter, irrespective of the model or its shape.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

What follows is a description of the present system with reference tothe accompanying drawings that are annexed to this document, wherein:

FIG. 1 represents a side view of a prior art planting line, where thedepth-limitation wheel, the chassis for the seed meter, the seed meterand the cutting disc can all be seen;

FIG. 2 represents a side view of the planting line with two dampersystems. The depth-limitation wheel, the damper system, the chassis forthe seed meter, the seed meter and the disc cutters can all be seen;

FIG. 3 represents a side view of the planting line with two dampersystems, where the depth-limitation wheel, the damper system withsprings and pistons, the damper system with plastic material, thechassis for the seed meter, the seed meter and the disc cutters can allbe seen;

FIG. 4 represents a side view of the planting line with two dampersystems, where the depth-limitation wheel, the system damper, thechassis for the seed meter, the seed meter and the disc cutters can allbe seen;

FIG. 5 represents a view of the components for the damper system withpistons and springs;

FIG. 6 represents a schematic view of the position of the seeds inrelation to the disc and the seed meter ring of the prior art, withoutthe damper system;

FIG. 7 represents a view of the position of the seeds in relation to thedisc and the seed meter ring with the damper system disclosed herein;

FIG. 8 represents a schematic view of the seeds being taken to the soilby a seed conductor of the prior art, where there is no damper system;

FIG. 9 represents a schematic view of the seed being taken to the soilthrough a seed conductor with the use of a damper system disclosedherein, the grooves provided in the seed conductor being illustrated indetail below;

FIG. 10 represents an example of the seed meter with a ring and a seeddisc;

FIGS. 11 and 12 represent a prior art top view of the seed meter and thestabilizing zone for the seeds just prior to the seeds leaving the seedmeter and going through the seed conduits to end up on the soil;

FIG. 13 represents a top view of the ring with grooves that reduce thefriction of the ring with the seed;

FIG. 14 represents a side view of the ring with grooves;

FIGS. 15 and 16 represent two acceleration graphs, one showing the priorart data and the other showing the data from the disclosure herein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

According to these illustrations, the precision seed distribution systemis applied on a planting machine of the type that has a machine element(3, 13) (e.g., at least one wheel) that touches the soil and providesthe placement of damper systems (2, 4) between the elements (3, 13) thattouch the soil and the seed meter (1), irrespective of its type orshape.

As can be seen in FIG. 1, there is a side view of a typical plantingline of the prior art, with depth-limiting wheels (3) connected to theseed meter chassis (5) sustaining the seed meter. One can change theshape or the way it supports itself on the soil. This just representsthe current prior art and what can be created for touching the soil.

Studies that have taken place have shown that these verticalaccelerations of jerks and bumps on the depth limitation wheels (3)cause bumps on the seed meter (1) and on its components such as its disc(10) and the planting ring (9) (shown in FIGS. 6, 7, and 10). Therefore,as shown in FIGS. 6, 7, and 10, as the seeds (8) are always supported bythe ring (9) (honeycombed-type seed meter) or trapped by the pressure onthe disc (10) (pneumatic system) or in any other type of seed meter (1)that is produced, the seeds (8) end up being bumped, which destabilizesthe fall of some of the seeds (8) through the seed meter (1) until itreaches the soil (12) (see FIG. 8). This destabilization occurs for boththe seed meter (1) and in its outlet and on the path to the soil (12).

Especially for the seed meters where the seeds slide over a ring, as isthe case for process BR1020120028387, it was noted that there was atremendous amount of stability for the seeds in the so-called“Stabilization Zone” shown in FIGS. 11 and 12. In order to betterfacilitate the sliding of the seeds over the ring, the ring was designedwith grooves in order to reduce the friction between the ring and theseeds.

In addition to the innovative system disclosed herein, a seed conductorwas also designed with grooves, but this time they would be vertical,which would minimize friction between the seed and the conductor walls(see FIGS. 13 and 14). This would aid in uniformly stabilizing the fallof the seeds until they reach the soil, with the conductor being in thenormal position between the seed meter and the soil as mentionedearlier. Aside from this, the conductor also has a damper system (15)that lessens both the vertical and horizontal vibrations that may affectthe structure that sustains it. In particular, as shown in FIGS. 2 and5, a damper of the elastomer type is used with the conductor, but otherdamper systems can be used depending upon the shape and availability ofthe space in each case. The conductor also benefits from the dampersystem (2) being positioned between the seed meter chassis and the seedmeter as the conductor in this case is directly connected to the seedmeter.

In FIG. 2, one can see a side view of the planting line that wasdesigned where there is a damper system (2) between the depth-limitingsystem (3) and the seed meter chassis (5) and the other damper system(2) between the seed meter chassis (5) and the seed meter (1) itself.

With these damper systems, the irregularities of the soil (12) arelessened and the frequency and quality of the seeds (8) falling from theseed meter (1) onto the soil (12) significantly improves. In particular,at the exact moment the seeds (8) are leaving the seed meter (1), bumpsand jerks may occur and delay or accelerate the seeds (8), causingirregularities when planting. This is minimized by the damper systemdisclosed herein.

In field studies, the disclosed system was tested on planting machines,showing that there is a significant difference in the vertical andhorizontal acceleration of the seed meter under the effect of the dampersystem of this disclosure and that of the prior art. As shown in FIGS.15 and 16, where the graph of FIG. 15 represents the accelerationthrough time for the damper system of this disclosure, and the graph ofFIG. 16 represents the acceleration in time of the seed meter of theprior art. As shown in FIG. 16, the seeds in the prior art systemaccelerated with more intensity and frequency.

This resulted in a coefficient variation for the deviation in the normof the seed distribution (8) on the soil (12) from 14% to 7% at aplanting speed of 7.2 km/hour, with the use of the damper systems (2) onthe soil (12) under direct planting on straw, compared with the priorart.

FIG. 3 shows the same side view shown in FIG. 2; however, this depictsanother damper of the elastomer type between the chassis (5) of the seedmeter and the seed meter (1).

FIG. 5 illustrates examples of basic components of the damper systemused in the disclosure: a spring (6), a hydraulic piston (7) and anelastomer or cushion pad (4). Any type of damper can be used, such as anelectromagnetic one or any one that may be created.

FIG. 6 represents a sample of what occurs with seeds (8) under theeffect of bumps and jerks in a planting line of the prior art. The seeds(8) jump from the ring (9) and position themselves in a random way onthe seed meter discs (10). This is the case for the honeycomb disc (10)system, the vacuum or finger system or any system that may be created.

FIG. 7 represents a sample of what occurs with seeds (8) under theeffect of bumps and jerks in a planting line with the damper system (2,4). The seeds (8) jump less from the rings (9) and position themselveswith more regularity on the seed meter discs (10). This is the case forthe honeycomb disc (10) system, the vacuum or finger system or anysystem that may be created.

FIG. 8 represents a side view of a seed conductor (11) conducting seed(8) under the effects of bumps and jerks on a planting line of the priorart. It is noted that the seeds fall in a more irregular way whencompared with FIG. 9.

FIG. 9 represents a side view of a seed conductor (11 a) directing theseeds (8) under the effect of bumps and jerks on a planting line withthe damper system (2, 4) disclosed herein. It is noted that the seedsfall in a more regular way when compared with FIG. 8. In FIG. 9, one cansee the details of the grooves (8 a) in the wall of the conductor thatreduces friction with the seeds and improves the distribution of theseeds onto the soil.

Thus, this is the inventive concept defined in the precision seeddistribution system that is the object of this disclosure. Its resultshave been highly satisfactory and unexpected in the planting of seeds.It is also possible to envisage technical alterations to the systemwithout moving away from its core purpose, herein claimed.

The invention claimed is:
 1. A seed distribution system applied to aplanting machine, the seed distribution system comprising: a seed meterfor distributing seeds in a furrow; a row unit chassis that providessupport to the seed meter; machine elements that touch the soil andprovide support to the row unit chassis; a seed conductor connected toand supported by the seed meter; and at least one damper systemcomprising a plurality of dampers positioned directly between the rowunit chassis and the seed meter to absorb vibrations from the machineelements that touch the soil and to provide physical support to the seedmeter, wherein each of the dampers comprises at least one componentselected from the group consisting of a hydraulic piston and spring, anelastomer pad, a cushion pad, or an electromagnetic absorber.
 2. Theseed distribution system of claim 1, wherein the at least one dampersystem further comprises another damper positioned between adepth-limiting wheel and the row unit chassis.
 3. The seed distributionsystem of claim 1, wherein each of the dampers of the at least onedamper system comprises at least one elastomer pad positioned betweenthe row unit chassis and the seed meter.
 4. The seed distribution systemof claim 1, wherein each of the dampers of the at least one dampersystem comprises a hydraulic piston and spring positioned between therow unit chassis and the seed meter.
 5. The seed distribution system ofclaim 1, wherein the seed meter comprises a horizontal disc.